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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Emotions

and

Moods

4

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Objectives

Differentiate between emotions and moods.

 Identify the sources of emotions and moods.

Show the impact emotional labor has on

employees.

Describe affective events theory.

Describe emotional intelligence.

 Identify strategies for emotion regulation.

Apply concepts about emotions and moods to

specific OB issues.

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Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

4-4

LO 1

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Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

Six essentially universal emotions

1. Anger

2. Fear

3. Sadness

4. Happiness

5. Disgust

6. Surprise

4-5

LO 1

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Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

Moral Emotions

 Moral emotions: emotions that have moral implications because of our instant judgement of the situation that evokes them.

Our responses to moral emotions differ from our responses to other emotions.

Moral emotions are learned, usually in childhood.

 Because morality is a construct that differs between cultures, so do moral emotions.

4-6

LO 1

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Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

4-7

LO 1

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Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

4-8

LO 1

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Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

Decision Making

Thinking Feeling

4-9

LO 1

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Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods Do emotions make us ethical?

Research on moral emotions questions the

previous belief that emotional decision

making is based on higher-level cognitive

processes.

Our beliefs are shaped by our groups,

resulting in an unconscious feeling that our

shared emotions are “right.”

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LO 1

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Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods Personality

Moods and emotions have a trait component.

Affect intensity: how strongly people experience their emotions.

Time of Day

There is a common pattern for all of us.

Happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period.

Day of the Week

Happier toward the end of the week.

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LO 2

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Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods

Weather

 Illusory correlation – no effect.

Stress

Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods.

Social Activities

Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods.

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LO 2

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Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods

Sleep

Poor sleep quality increases negative

affect.

Exercise

Does somewhat improve mood, especially

for depressed people.

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LO 2

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Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods Age

Older people experience fewer negative

emotions.

Sex

Women tend to be more emotionally

expressive, feel emotions more intensely,

have longer-lasting moods, and express

emotions more frequently than men.

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LO 2

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Show the Impact Emotional

Labor Has on Employees  Emotional labor: an employee’s expression

of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.

Types of Emotions

Felt: the individual’s actual emotions.

Displayed: required or appropriate emotions.

Surface acting: hiding one’s inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.

 Deep acting: trying to modify one’s true inner feelings based on display rules.

4-15

LO 3

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Describe Affective

Events Theory

Affective events theory (AET): employees

react emotionally to things that happen to

them at work and this influences job

performance and satisfaction.

Work events trigger positive or negative

emotional reactions to which employees’

personalities and moods predispose them

to respond with greater or lesser intensity.

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LO 4

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Describe Affective

Events Theory

 AET offers two important messages:

Emotions provide valuable insights into how

workplace hassles and uplifting events

influence employee performance and

satisfaction.

Emotions, and the events that cause them,

should not be ignored at work because they

accumulate.

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LO 4

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Describe Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence:

A person’s ability to:

Perceive emotions in the self and others.

Understand the meaning of these

emotions.

Regulate one’s emotions accordingly in

a cascading model.

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LO 5

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Describe Emotional Intelligence LO 5

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Identify Strategies

for Emotion Regulation

Emotion regulation involves identifying and

modifying the emotions you feel.

Emotion Regulation Influences and Outcomes

Diversity in work groups may help us to

regulate our emotions more consciously and

effectively.

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LO 6

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Identify Strategies

for Emotion Regulation

Emotion Regulation Techniques

Surface acting

Deep acting

Emotional suppression

Cognitive reappraisal

Social sharing

 The best option though is to recruit positive-

minded individuals and train leaders to

manage their moods, attitudes, and

performance. 4-21

LO 6

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Apply Concepts About Emotions

and Moods to Specific OB Issues

Selection

EI should be a hiring factor, especially for social jobs.

Decision Making

Positive emotions can lead to better decisions.

Creativity

Positive mood increases flexibility, openness,

and creativity.

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LO 7

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Apply Concepts About Emotions and

Moods to Specific OB Issues

Motivation

Positive mood affects expectations of success.

Feedback amplifies this effect.

Leadership

Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.

Negotiation

Emotions can affect negotiations.

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LO 7

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Apply Concepts About Emotions and

Moods to Specific OB Issues

Customer Service

Emotions influence customer service.

Influences repeat business and customer

satisfaction.

Emotional contagion: “catching” emotions.

Job Attitudes

A good day at work tends to be followed by

a good mood at home and vice versa.

This usually dissipates overnight.

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LO 7

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Apply Concepts About Emotions

and Moods to Specific OB Issues

Deviant Workplace Behaviors

Negative emotions lead to workplace

deviant behaviors.

Actions that violate norms and threaten

the organization.

Safety and Injury at Work

Don’t do dangerous work when in a bad

mood.

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LO 7

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Implications for Managers

Recognize that emotions are a natural part of

the workplace and good management does not

mean creating an emotion-free environment.

To foster effective decision making, creativity,

and motivation in employees, look to model

positive emotions and moods as much as is

authentically possible.

Provide positive feedback to increase the

positivity of employees. Of course, it also helps

to hire people who are predisposed to positive

moods.

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Implications for Managers

In the service sector, encourage positive

displays of emotion, which make customers feel

more positive and thus, improve customer

service interactions and negotiations.

Understand the role of emotions and moods to

significantly improve your ability to explain and

predict your coworkers’ and other’s behavior.

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