Please answer all questions in your own words. No citations are needed for this assignment as the answers are located in your textbook. Please ensure your answers are brief so they will fit inside each box.
1. Describe the following urinary elimination terms. Use the below table.
| Nephron | |
| Proteinuria | |
| Erythropoietin | |
| Renin | |
| Micturition | |
| Renal Calculus | |
| Reflex incontinence |
2. Define urinary tract infections and what are the key signs and symptoms?
3. Explain the following alterations? Use the below table.
| Nocturia | |
| Polyuria | |
| Oliguria | |
| Dysuria | |
| Anuria |
4. Describe the below common types of urinary alterations. Use table below.
| Condition | Description |
| Urgency | |
| Frequency | |
| Incontinence | |
| Retention | |
| Residual urine | |
| Hesitancy |
5. Describe the below conditions using the table.
| Condition | Description |
| Ileal loop or conduit | |
| Nephrostomy |
6. Name three medications that may cause urinary retention.
7. Name four ways to prevent catheter-associated urinary infections.
8. Define each and explain the purpose of the following. Use table below.
| Definition | Purpose | |
| Bladder retraining | ||
| Pelvic floor exercises | ||
| Habit training | ||
| Self-catheterization |
9. Your 80-year-old patient with dementia keeps urinating in the garbage can. What special measures should you take to assist this patient in finding the bathroom?
10. How does fiber affect diet and give two examples of good fiber sources.
11. What can the below characteristics of stool be indicative of? Use the table below.
| Possible Cause | |
| Clay or white stool | |
| Black or tarry stool | |
| Large quantities of fat in stool | |
| Hard, dry stool | |
| Pungent stool |
12. Describe the following bowel diversions. Use table below.
| Description | |
| Stoma | |
| Colostomy | |
| Ileostomy |
13. Use the table below to define the different fecal elimination problems.
| Constipation | |
| Diarrhea | |
| Fecal impaction | |
| Bowel incontinence | |
| Wheezing |
14. List three factors to consider when promoting normal defecation.
15. Describe the different types of enemas. Use the table below.
| Cleansing enema | |
| Oil retention | |
| Soapsuds | |
| Hypertonic solution |
16. Name three purposes of nasogastric (NG) tube.
17. Describe the primary function of each area below. Use the table provided.
| Mouth | |
| Esophagus | |
| Stomach | |
| Small intestine | |
| Colon | |
| Rectum and anus |
18. Name two major goals for clients with fecal elimination problems.
19. Describe what a fecal occult blood test is, why would one be ordered, and what could alter the test results?
Answer the following questions and give the rationale for your answer.
20. Mr. Smith complains of leaking urine when he coughs and sometimes laugh. This is:
A. Functional incontinence
B. Reflex incontinence
C. Stress incontinence
D. Urge incontinence
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21. Mrs. Johnson has a UTI. Which symptoms would you expect to be exhibited?
A. Dysuria
B. Polyuria
C. Oliguria
D. Proteinuria
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22. Most electrolytes and nutrients are absorbed where?
A. Small intestine
B. Stomach
C. Esophagus
D. Colon
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23. The nurse should be sure that the UAP knows that when leaving a patient on the bedpan they should:
A. Raise the head of the bed to a 90-degree angle
B. Raise the bed to the highest working level
C. Leave head of the bed flat
D. Raise head of bed to 30 degrees
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24. The mother of a breastfed infant raises concerns about her baby’s stool. She describes it as yellow instead of brown. You as the nurse explain that:
A. Her infant is dehydrated and she should increase the baby’s fluid intake
B. The stool is normal for an infant
C. It will be necessary to send a stool specimen to the lab
D. A change to formula may be needed