Diversity has become a crucial component of institutions today. Therefore, there is the need for the society to embrace diversity when tackling social issues. One of the benefits of diversity is the multiple perspectives and lifestyles it brings in institutions and the society. This is why any attempt to discuss or solve a social problem has to consider the diversity of populations. Equity is also a crucial component of social life because people’s interest should be balanced to find lasting solutions to problems. My research process aimed at establishing the link between diversity, equity, and healthy living in communities today. I prepared several artifacts in this regard, namely “A Day in the Life of Robert Carradine,” “Cleanups in my Community,” “Soil Ingestion and Human Health,” “Children’s Value,” and “Critical Analysis of ‘Exposure Factors Handbook’”.

Diversity informs the manner in which people look at life. In the case of Robert Carradine, for instance, he was apprehensive that healthy living coupled with regular exercises would see him live longer and progress in his law career. Some people might not find importance in these things but the society is one after all. Carradine’s actions contribute to the conservation of the environment, as he chooses to cycle to work instead of driving, and using a smart shower to regulate the amount of water he uses to bathe. On the other hand, the remaining articles explore the importance of having a clean environment. The exposure to an environment determines what a person becomes because human DNA is sensitive to environmental compositions such as toxic chemicals and excess heat.

The thorough interdisciplinary research that underwent the preparation of the artifacts reveals that diversity and equity can make the world a better place if harnessed appropriately. For example, lazy and reluctant people can emulate their counterparts who have chosen healthy lifestyles. There is also nothing wrong in responsible behavior to make the environment clean at all times. In as much a people are allowed to live their lifestyles and make choices, this should not come at a cost to the lives of other people.

Meet Robert Carradine is a 28-year-old male whose family is originally from Britain but currently residing in New York, as a young lawyer in one of the city’s largest consultancy firm. Robert is 5’3” in height, and he tries to keep in shape in spite of his 180lbs weight as well as his short physique. He has brown hair, blue eyes, and is quite proud of his European looks and ancestry. Robert had always wanted to be a lawyer ever since he was a small child and he believed that the deep passion for law stems from the fact that while he was young, his father was arrested for a crime he did not commit. His father, John Carradine, eventually passed away in prison during a riot and after evidence had come out that he was innocent, young Robert decided to become a lawyer in memory of his father and to defend those who could not get quality legal representation. However, he has drifted from his early career goal of becoming a criminal lawyer and instead spends most of his time advising his company’s clients of the legal ramifications of their investments. Robert loves his job to the point that he admits that he would never trade it for any other career. Moreover, even his hobbies revolve around legal practice, as his biggest pastime is engaging in moot courts and online arguments.

Robert’s Routine

Robert wakes up early, as most mornings he is up by 4 a.m. However, he has to rely on his alarm clock to wake him up because he is a very deep sleeper. He dreams almost every night and has a record of every dream written in his diary. The first thing he does immediately after waking up update his dream diary. Furthermore, as a firm believer in holistic medicine, he first takes three full glasses of water, which is around 1.5 liters of water, above the national average of 1.227 liters per day. He then jumps into the shower where he is sure to spend an average of 10lts of water, which is an amount he believes to be accurately regulated because he installed a “smart” shower that controls the amount of water he uses in spite of the time he spends in the shower. After freshening up, Robert prepares a light breakfast consisting of two bananas of roughly 10 grams each, and a glass of milk, which is approximately 350 milliliters, before ridding cycling to work. His breakfast quantity is also above the average amount of 1.8g/kg per day for milk and 3.7g/kg per day for fruits. He does not wear formal clothes at home because he has a private office where he can change from exercise clothes to formal attire. The bicycle ride to work means that he inhales and ingests more dust and soil as compared to his office mates who commute to the office on the subway or via busses.

Once Robert steps into the office, he rarely leaves until late in the evening. Robert’s physique means that he has a larger average surface area exposed to the elements, which in his case is 2.52 m². All his clients come to his office for consultations, and he rarely finds time to go out to grab a quick lunch or a biting. He orders all his food from an online retailer that mostly serves two-course meals. On a typical day, Robert will have a serving of carbohydrate, preferably corn, and a small serving of meat, which means that he takes at least, based on the national average, 4.1g/kg per day of meat, as well as 4.6g/kg per day of grains. In most cases, the grain he prefers is rice and beef stew or sludge of meat stew and mashed potatoes. After a heavy lunch, Robert takes a scoop of ice cream to re-energize and cool his body, therefore, accounting for an extra 10.3g/kg per day for the ice cream.

Robert will continue working indoors in the office throughout the entire afternoon unless he has a meeting outside the Manhattan building from where he works. When he has in-house meetings, he prefers going to the conference room with a 500 ml bottle of water. Each session typically takes around 1 hour, and within this time, Robert will have finished a whole 500ml bottle of water. In cases where meetings run late into the evening, he often switches to Decaf coffee to keep warm and alert. He always takes white coffee meaning that he adds an extra 500ml of milk to his daily intake. After all the meetings are over, he goes back home, and he again does not take a cab or drive to work but instead dresses up in gym attire and rides to his local gym where he will work out for an hour and swim for an extra 2 hours.

While riding his bicycle, he will undoubtedly accumulate a lot of dirt and soil on his skin his face will take the average 0.0314mg/cm³, his arms 0.0872 mg/cm³, his hands 0.1336mg/cm³, and his legs 0.1223mg/cm³ of dirt and soil (Moya et al. 19). Immediately he goes to the gym; he picks a 1-liter bottle of water that he will periodically sip throughout his 1-hour workout. After his workout, he will take a dip in the swimming pool and the duration of his swimming session will depend on how early he left the office. On a typical day, he will swim for approximately one and a half hours. While swimming he will probably ingest, 71ml/hour, and therefore having spent 1.5 hours, we can assume he ingests 10.5 ml of water. After swimming, Robert likes to keep warm by eating a burrito on his way home, which is a mere 5 minutes walk from the gym. Each burrito weighs about 100grams.

Immediately, Robert gets home, he takes a quick shower, but only after he has ordered some takeout from his favorite pizza or Chinese food retailers. After a heavy workout, he prefers Pizza, which arrives approximately 5 minutes after his shower. Each pizza meal weighed about 1.5 kgs and given that Robert loves meat, he always chooses the meaty deluxe pizza. This meal adds to Robert’s intake of meat and grain products because the pizza is 75% grain and 25% meat (Moya et al. 24). He always orders for Pizza without Cheese or vegetables since he believes that vegetables make the pizza turn sour faster. After his meal, Robert takes a 500ml glass of water and rests for 1 hour before heading to bed. He prefers sleeping before 10 pm so that he can have deeper and longer sleep durations.

Conclusion

Robert’s lifestyle is typical of many 28-year-old career-oriented males, and the statistics and dynamics would not change much if it were another individual of slightly larger or a smaller physical build. His life understands that lifestyle choices play a significant role in shaping his health and ultimately, his career progression. Thus, he endeavors to lead a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical exercise.

Works Cited

Moya, J., et al. “Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 edition.” US Environmental Protection Agency: Washington (2011).

Name: Xingyun Shao

Course: BIS 293 A

Date: 01/28/2017

Cleanups in my Community

Question 1

Several cleanups are observable within the 10-mile radius of my address. The types of cleanups that can be identified include

1. 4 responses sites

2. RCRA Hazardous Waste – Corrective Actions

3. Brownfields Properties Sites

4. Superfund NPL Sites

5. Federal Facilities Docket Sites

Question 2

A. Emerald Services Inc Airport Way

This cleanup site was established as a corrective action site. Under the management of the EPA region 10, it was setup to carry out examinations (“CIMC – About the Data | Cleaning up Our Land, Water and Air | US EPA”). These evaluations were to determine whether there was adequate control of the rate of human exposure to contaminants that was present in contaminated water within the region. Currently, the wastes are controlled thus adhering to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In the instances whereby wastes contaminate the air, water, or land within this region, corrective action is mandated.

B. BP Tank Truck Accident Site -Bellevue

This cleanup site was setup because of an accident that occurred involving a gasoline tank trunk that collided with a trailer roll. The tank was transporting unleaded gasoline estimated to be an approximate 11, 300 gallons registered under the British Petroleum Corporation (“CIMC – About the Data | Cleaning up Our Land, Water and Air | US EPA”). The main reason for setting up the site was the threat posed by the probability of release, as the placement of the truck following the accident was up gradient. This threatened to pollute the navigable water body in the area, which is Lake Washington.

C. US Navy Puget Sound Naval STA Sandpoint

This site was setup under the command by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency ordering the U.S Department of Navy to conduct a clean at the Gorst Creek Landfill, which was polluted by contaminants. The issuance of this order demanded compliance of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“CIMC – About the Data | Cleaning up Our Land, Water and Air | US EPA”). Under this legislation, the Navy was expected to address any issues arising that might endanger the landfill such as a hazardous waste.

Question 3

At the Forbes Creek, Fair-weather Bay Creek, and Pine Lake Creek, the common causes of impairment within the waterways are fecal coli form pathogens, dissolved oxygen, and temperature (“CIMC – About The Data | Cleaning Up Our Land, Water And Air | US EPA”). These are the main contaminants that are observed contaminating most of the waterways in this region.

Question 4

The types of toxic releases that have been observed are chemical ion nature. The main companies responsible for these release include within the 5 mile radius include

· Safeway Bellevue Distribution Center

· Pacific Coca Cola Bottling Co

· Safeway Warehouse Distribution Center

· Safeway Inc Milk Dept

· Circuit Services Worldwide LLC

· Honey INTL INC 36th ST

· VN Graphics

Some of the chemicals released from these toxic releases include

· ammonia

· nitric acid

· dichloromethane

· Freon 1:13

· Lead

· Mercury

· Nickel

Question 5

The first air non-attainment area is located in Yakima County. The second location is Tacoma in Pierce County. The third location is Seattle in King County. The fourth location is the Cities of Olympia in Thurston County. The pollutant of concern that affects this area is PM 10. As a contaminant, the PM 10 is characterized by small particles, which can easily be inhaled as gas hence causing respiratory problems (“Health Effects of PM10 – Marlborough District Council”). Some of the health effects it has include ‘

· Bronchitis

· High blood pressure

· Heart attack

· Asthma attacks

· Coughing

· Wheezing

· Strokes

· Premature death

Question 6

One of the interesting observations made when reviewing the statewide map is that most cleanup sites are located near water bodies.

Question 7

The limitations observed in the cleanup map include ensuring that the longitudes and the latitudes are within their ranges in terms of basing them by their geographic, county, and state identifiers (“CIMC – About The Data | Cleaning Up Our Land, Water And Air | US EPA”). In addition, data is also limited in the sense that there is inefficient integration of the same to the CERCLIS particularly for the same sites.

Question 8

Basing on the map, it is evident that it is relevant in offering educational information concerning the extent in which pollution has been addressed. Personally, I am particularly impressed with the categorization of various aspects concerning the pollution efforts ranging from the cleanup sites and the toxic release sites. Following the review of the map, it is quite informative in indicating the involvement of the government and authorities like EPA in ensuring the community is safe from dangerous contaminants, which assures quality public health.

Question 9

On reviewing the map, it is evident that pollution is an issue that requires great investment and planning. It is impressive that h government and authoritative bodies such as EPA have dedicated resources in addressing this concern.

Works Cited

“CIMC – About the Data | Cleaning Up Our Land, Water and Air | US EPA”. Epa.Gov, 2017, https://www.epa.gov/cleanups/cimc-about-data.

“Health Effects of PM10 – Marlborough District Council”. Marlborough.Govt.Nz, 2017, http://www.marlborough.govt.nz/Environment/Air-Quality/Smoke-and–Smog/Health-effects-of-PM10.aspx.

Name: Xingyun Shao

Course: BIS 293 A

Date: 02/05/2017

Politics of Dirt Q and A

Soil Ingestion and Human Health

The soil offers an interface through which human beings interact with chemicals in the environment. People experience exposure to hazardous substances present in the particulates. Ingestion denotes one of the methods through which the chemicals enter the human body. More specifically, the study of soil and dust ingestion is crucial in determining individuals’ exposure level to environmental chemicals.

Importance of soil and dust ingestion information in studying exposure to environmental chemicals

The soil acts as a medium of reception, storage, conversion, and transfer of chemicals. The medium entails the storage of the substances in the three primary forms: solids, liquid, and gaseous states. Human beings have direct contact with soil; thus, the high exposure to harmful elements. For instance, children playing on the floor enter into contact with chemicals through hand-to-mouth transmission. Similarly, adults are vulnerable to harm from airborne particulates, cigarettes, and food contamination. The continuous exposure to soil increases chances of consuming the granules orally. Consequently, an understanding of patterns of use and human contact with soil is potentially crucial in estimating the exposure levels.

Differences among soil ingestion, soil pica, and geophagia

Given the risk involved, a discrepancy exists in the manner in which soil ingestion, soil pica, and geophagia are defined. The former describes the larger enclosure in which soil pica and geophagia exist as a subset. The risk is high when soil consumption is referenced but compromised by the soil pica. By definition, the term is a generic terminology denoting the voluntary or involuntary consumption of soil (Environmental Protection Authority 1). The measure of the hazard occurs at a large scale. However, soil pica has spatiotemporal dimensions. The term refers to the recurrent uptake of particulates at unusually high concentrations. Though the consumption may be low, the concentration of the environmental chemicals would be the determining factor. Therefore, soil pica poses greater risks compared to the parent genre due to the consumption of soils on the surface of the earth. The zone contains more contaminants than the underlying strata. Geophagy denotes the application of cultural practices that allow the consumption of soil (Environmental Protection Authority 1). The level of risk associated with this tendency is relatively small due to the diminishing cultural practices; thus, the conditions trigger dismal risk perception.

Challenges of estimating adult soil ingestion and the recommended rates

The most conspicuous challenges in estimating adult soil consumption lie in the complexity of understanding the patterns and the performance of air purification mechanisms in the body system (Johnson et al. 839). Monitoring adults proves difficult due to the knowledge of adverse repercussions. Moreover, deliberate intake is rare among the grown-up population. The article identifies a different perspective in which the complexity of the methodologies used hinders precise estimation. Nevertheless, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the standard rates of soil and dust ingestion; an adult should consume at most 20, 30, and 50 milligrams of soil, dust, and soil + dust per day, respectively (2).

The confidence of the EPA on the recommendations

The EPA’s confidence in the recommendations is compromised by the limitations of the tracer element studies and the comprehensiveness of the procedures. For example, the data collection period may fail to depict long-term behaviors. In general terms, the applicability and efficacy, clarity and entirety, soundness, and characterization of the performance of the recommendations leave room for uncertainty. The ultimate reason draws the facts from the biased coverage of the studies and extrapolation of results.

Differences between key and relevant studies and the EPA’s selection criteria

The relevant studies differ in the manner in which the researchers approach the case. While one study provides crucial information about soil ingestion but focuses on a different purpose based on random samples or the census, the other study denotes academic endeavors that seek to address the phenomenon and provide reliable results. According to the article, the EPA prefers studies that are based on the census or a randomized sample population to research that employs convenience samples. Furthermore, “key” studies account for the results by meeting the threshold requirements for soundness, clarity and completeness, applicability and utility, and the characterization of improbability and erraticism.

The primary study methodologies

The study methodologies used include the biokinetic model comparison, the activity pattern, and tracer element procedures. The biokinetic model comparison measures the levels of the contaminants in a biomarker such as blood. The analysis is done by comparing the results with the prediction findings from the model. The tracer element method entails chemical analysis of the soils within the area of study. The analysis is done on feces and urine to reflect the amount of soil consumed. The activity pattern is based on interviews or in-mail questionnaires. The SHED model is then used to simulate the levels of exposure among the participants

Limitations of the Methodologies

Despite the wide use of the three approaches, the methodologies depict significant limitations in the overall performance. For instance, the tracer element method relies on the assumption that the target elements are non-absorbable in the digestive system. The postulation leads to the conclusion that the concentrations observed in the urine and feces depict an amount equal to the ingested chemicals. The results have shortcomings since the method does not account for the chemical traces expelled through other excretions like the sweat, vomiting, and tears. Similarly, the activity pattern procedure does not indicate the level of reliability of the data collected. The use of questionnaires subjects the quality of the data to scrutiny due to the uncertainty on the nature of the respondents. Finally, the changing environmental conditions may affect the performance of the prediction model used as the reference point in the biokinetic model comparison technique. Alterations of the surrounding settings affect the efficacy of the input parameters of the model.

Works Cited

Environmental Protection Authority. The Exposure Factors Handbook: Chapter 5. National

Center for Environmental Assessment, 2016.

Johnson, Mark, et al. “Toxicity of Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-Tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-Tetrazocine (HMX) in Three Vertebrate Species.”Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 58, no. 3, 2010, pp. 836-43.

Name: Xingyun Shao

Course: BIS 293 A

Date: 02/11/2017

Poetry in Number

Children’s value

Toddlers and teenagers vary significantly,

Specific Exposure Factors as well.

Assessing Childhood in present edition

Reports information the data present.

Seen as a minimal, defined utility,

Population, currency, variability,

Designated as ‘key’, while importance of medium

They were the values throughout in the end.

United States Environmental Protection Agency,. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. Office Of Research And Development, Washington DC, 2011, pp. 8, 9.

Soil desire

Soil is a route of exposure for children:

Play on the floor to ingest soil and dust.

Factors, amount, aspects are definitions

Not limited to the ingestion as such.

Flower is child, rare behavior is public,

Soils are not the main source of desire.

For certain, behavior may be more likely

To identify soil-pica result.

United States Environmental Protection Agency,. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. Office Of Research And Development, Washington DC, 2011, p. 5-1

Guide to find cleanups

You search geography, you put in address,

Define, geocode on the fly to find best

Map to locate that address with the sites,

Choose type, want to use, be sure to specify

Whole country or states, a specific location

(You will need to show the above information),

Choose from the list and select one of regions

To view outside, specified list of cleanups.

“CIMC – About The Data | Cleaning Up Our Land, Water And Air | Geography”. EPA Official Page, 2016, https://www.epa.gov/cleanups/cimc-about-data.

Works cited

“CIMC – About The Data | Cleaning Up Our Land, Water And Air”. EPA Official Page, 2016, https://www.epa.gov/cleanups/cimc-about-data.

United States Environmental Protection Agency,. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. Office Of Research And Development, Washington DC, 2011, pp. 8, 9, 5-1,.

Name: Xingyun Shao

Course: BIS 293 A

Date: 03/08/2017

Critical Analysis

Critical Analysis of “Exposure Factors Handbook”

The “Exposure Factors Handbook” focuses on coming up with measures or guidelines that help make a difference regarding the environment conservation. The book comprises of numerous guidelines across the conservation of the environment and making changes that would help ensure a healthy surrounding for the people. The book outlines an exposure assessment that follows specific procedures such as identification of the source and media of transportation for the contaminants, finding the concentration of the contaminants, determining the scenarios of exposure, relating factors with the human behavior and identification of the affected population. Numerous measures originate from the human behavior that does

Affect the environment and the concern they do raise to the environment. The book seeks to expose the people to their daily activities and watch how they affect their surrounding that in turn affects them and they can avoid all these through the concepts in the book.

According to Tallbear, the human beings and the environment do relate that makes it an important concept when it comes to finding the lineage of the people. The origin of the people by the use of the DNA does reflect on the way the environment is changing and can help in finding out the impacts of the changes to the environment. People have to undergo the DNA tests to help determine the relationship that they have with the environment, and it focuses on the native communities. The native communities do have the DNA that would help show the proper use and relationship that the people do share with the environment and can help determine the changes that the environment underwent to the present (Trallbear,9). It is important to use the DNA of the native system because they have a close interaction with the environment in its natural compared to the other communities in the urban areas that have the exposure to other human-made factors such as pollution. In the handbook, “lifetime” people should have close relationship with the environment that is important because it forms bond and thus helps people understand their impacts on the environment. The human activities on the environment keep changing over the past years that imply that the increase of the people implies that they become dependent on the environment. The relationship helps understand and determine the origin of certain health complications such as cancer that then can make it easier to come up with solutions.

According to Coates, people do live in a fantasy where they want to live in dream world that does not exactly turn out to be the same as their wishes. Coates explained that numerous people believe in democracy that they never witness because it is a privilege of the few that defies the hope and faith of the people(7). It is a challenge when the population pressure dumps on the environment all because the people do want to take their efforts and gestures to a further notch to help improve and make changes in the life of people. In the handbook, “variability and uncertainty” the author seeks to try to show that the lack of proper information regarding a given subject increase the rate of risk that makes it a challenge for the people especially those depend on the environment. It is not easy for the people to start making changes but it is vital for them to recognize the measures to take while making changes that would then help determine the fate of humanity. The variability tries to determine the heterogeneity that varies across time, place and people. The measure makes it a challenge for the people to raise their opportunities and challenge that make it easier to relate and make a difference.

According to Igo, American people believe in social data and the concerns of the people that help make it easier to contribute to their daily interactions. Numerous Americans do value the information and data on the social scene such as the average marriages end up in divorce, but they still want to make the push for the same measure(5). In the handbook, the risk is a situation where by the people do not have the certainty or probability of their actions that would then reflect on their actions. Most people do meet and contribute to the measure that would help make it easier to understand and participate in the political scene in the United States because they focus on the unknown. It is easier to win over the Americans, with the numbers and statistics without having to go through the numerous changes that would help make a difference in that they would come up with changes The handbook addresses uncertainty in a manner that the involved parties do rely on the information because they believe that with uncertainty there is not guarantee that a single idea would make the difference instead they have no consider numerous fronts. However, the process involves screening that helps identify the faults to help act as a form of security to prevent the inevitable and make it easier to have the best deal out of the risk.

Murphy outlines numerous measures that the chemicals that all emanate from the human activities do influence the environment making it unfit for human survival. People do exfoliate their perfumes, the chemicals from building materials and other activities all end up as chemicals in the environment that is not healthy for the people(4). It is important to come up with principles and concepts that would make it easier to interact and ensure the safety of the people. The increase in the oxygen and carbon molecules in the environment does increaser the pollution levels in the environment that make it a challenge for the environment and human survival. In the handbook, exposure to the exposure to the environment and inhalation are an important concept that does rely on the clean air for breathing. The human activities that result from the chemicals in the surrounding do make it challenge for the same people especially when it comes to inhalation. The components in the surrounding should comprise of the original composition of air that includes carbon, oxygen, rare gasses and nitrogen. The additional materials do make it a challenge because they increase the levels of materials in the atmosphere that most are harmful to the human body and thus contribute to the increase in the diseases and health complications. The inhalants go directly to the lungs that are the entry point of the air into the blood that then spreads the harmful components though the body.

According to Proctor, ignorance pops up in numerous scenes, and it is important to seek for measures to overcome it because it is an enemy of making differences. Proctor defines ignorance in various ways that include secrecy, censorship, disinformation, faith, apathy, forgetfulness, and stupidity(2). Ignorance lives within the people, and it contributes to the collapse of numerous people that makes it a challenge to the measure that makes it a challenge for the development and interaction of the people. Most people do fail to make up their mind and decisions because of ignorance that might contributes to the collapse and failure within the people. In the handbook, there are numerous measures on analyzing exposure that makes it a challenge for the people to get the meaning and make it work. The handbook is an important piece that would help make it easier to go through our daily activities without having to suffer the impacts of the others that make it easier to interact and ensure that they would become the example. The principles within the books will help make it easier for people to get through life because they reflect on the daily activities that most people undertake and it acts as a guideline. The fact that people are ignorant they do not end up understand or even making an effort towards the improvement of their surroundings. It is challenging that most people fail to undertake their responsibilities and use their knowledge and information that exists in the books, the internet and some is common knowledge that dose not require studying. It is easier to incorporate the various efforts and take the time to learn about the surrounding and their impacts on the people’s lives because it is important to take a stand as a team.

Word Cited

Coates, Ta-Nehisi. Between the World and Me.

Exposure Factors Handbook. Washington, DC: Office of health and Environment Assessment, U.S. Environment Protection Agency, 1989.Print.

Igo,Sarah,E. The Averaged American: Introduction: American in Aggregate. Harvard University Press, 2007. Print.

Murphy,Michelle.Indoor Pollution at the Encounter of toxicology and Popular Epidemiology. Duke University Press,2008.print.

Proctor,Robert,N.A Missing Term to Describe the Cultural Production of Ignorance ( and its study). Stamford University Press,2008.Print.

TallBear,Kim. Narratives of Race and Indigeneity in the Geographic Project. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics.2007, Print