Calculate the approximate effect size for each of the following:

a. The difference between two means is 14 and the standard deviation of the population is 7.

b. The mean for Group A is 32 and that for Group B is 22. The standard deviation of the population is 10.

c. The group that received individualized counseling obtained a mean score of 76 on the measure of selfconcept, whereas the group that received no counseling obtained a mean score of 52. The standard deviation of the population was 15.

d. Group A showed the following scores: 4, 5, 7, 7, 8, 10. Group B had scores of 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 16. The standard deviation of the population was 6.