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a. Operating systems can be very simple and some very complex and complicated depending on the
structure a designer chooses to use, describe any three operating system design structures. (6 Marks)
b. Distinguish between:
i. Batch systems and on line systems. (2 Marks)
ii. Cache and virtual memory. (2 Marks)
c. Mention and briefly explain the two ways a computer thread can be implemented. (4 Marks)
d. Briefly describe any four considerations a designer makes when deciding a good CPU scheduling
algorithms. (6 Marks)
e. Define:
i. File system (1 Mark)
ii. Live lock (1 Mark)
f. Outline the two options for breaking deadlock during deadlock recovery. (4 Marks)
g. State two responsibilities of the operating system with regard to I/O management. (2 Marks)
h. Briefly describe the relevance of a process control block during process execution. (2 Marks)
QUESTION TWO – 20 MARKS
a. Directories can be implemented in various ways. Explain the I-NODE implementation of the directories.
What is the alternative implementation? (4 Marks)
b. Memory manager keeps track of the memory in use and one that is not in use when searching for a
memory space to allow execution of a process. Briefly discuss the algorithms used in memory
management with linked lists. (6 Marks)
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c. Briefly outline evolutionary steps through which operating systems have developed into today’s modern
complex systems. (6 Marks)
d. Using a diagram, show the structure of a computer in relation to the operating system and its functions.
(4 Marks)

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